The distinguishing characteristic of all Mycobacterium species is a thick, hydrophobic, and mycolic acid-rich cell wall made of peptidoglycan and arabinogalactan, with these unique components offering targets for new tuberculosis drugs. bovis have been shown to sporulate however, this has been contested by further research. Mycobacteria possess capsules and most do not form endospores. They are generally non-motile, except for the species Mycobacterium marinum, which has been shown to be motile within macrophages. Mycobacteria are aerobic with 0.2-0.6 µm wide and 1.0-10 µm long rod shapes. cell envelope with 3-D protein structures While most Mycobacterium species are non-pathogenic, the genus' characteristic complex cell wall contributes to evasion from host defenses. The genus is divided based on each species' pigment production and growth rate. Mycobacterial species are generally aerobic, non-motile, and capable of growing with minimal nutrients. Since this genus has cell walls with Gram-positive and Gram-negative features, acid-fast staining is used to emphasize their resistance to acids, compared to other cell types. The Greek prefix myco- means 'fungus', alluding to this genus' mold-like colony surfaces. This genus includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis ( M. Mycobacterium is a genus of over 190 species in the phylum Actinomycetota, assigned its own family, Mycobacteriaceae.
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